In a significant development for Indigenous peoples, 2025 concluded with the Canadian government once again facing off against Indigenous communities in court over the provision of essential services to Indigenous children. The government’s attempt to challenge a legal order mandating action on the Jordan’s Principle initiative was unsuccessful, marking a continuation of the ongoing legal battle.
On December 20, 2024, the Trudeau administration initiated legal proceedings against the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal to contest the order to address a backlog of requests under Jordan’s Principle. A year later, on December 15, 2025, the Carney government suffered a defeat in a key Jordan’s Principle case at the Federal Court of Appeal, reinforcing the government’s legal obligations.
While these legal battles framed the year, 2025 also witnessed significant shifts in Indigenous political dynamics. The ongoing challenges within the Jordan’s Principle program persisted, with Indigenous Services Canada implementing a controversial operational bulletin that restricted funding for eligible services, leading to detrimental impacts on Indigenous communities.
Instances such as the suspension of a suicide-prevention program in the Cree community of Kashechewan and the loss of funding for an autistic child’s education in southern Ontario highlighted the real-world consequences of these policy changes. Despite pushback, some individuals successfully challenged funding denials in court, underscoring the importance of ongoing advocacy efforts.
Moreover, the year saw notable developments in Ottawa under the leadership of Prime Minister Mark Carney. Amid discussions of pipeline projects and Indigenous inclusion, tensions rose as Indigenous leaders demanded greater involvement in decision-making processes. The government’s efforts to address concerns through summits and consultations were met with mixed reactions, reflecting the complex relationship between Indigenous communities and the federal government.
In another significant legal ruling, the Cowichan Tribes secured Aboriginal title to land in Richmond, British Columbia, after a lengthy legal battle. The decision raised questions about the coexistence of Aboriginal title and private property rights, signaling potential legal challenges ahead.
Additionally, a high-profile civil trial involving Métis leaders concluded with a verdict favoring the Manitoba Métis Federation over the Métis National Council. The trial revealed allegations of financial mismanagement and underscored the complexities of governance within Indigenous organizations.
As 2025 drew to a close, these events underscored the ongoing struggles and triumphs within Indigenous communities, highlighting the need for continued engagement and dialogue to address systemic challenges and foster positive outcomes for all stakeholders.