Experts warn that the snowy winter in Nova Scotia may not lead to a decrease in tick population this year as deep snow can actually provide insulation for the ticks, aiding their survival. According to tick researchers, the prolonged snow cover has protected the ticks, allowing a significant portion of the population to endure the winter and emerge soon.
Despite some cold spells in December and January, the most effective temperatures for reducing tick populations occurred after the snow had already settled on the ground. The Halifax airport experienced continuous snow cover from January 18 to March 21, the longest period since 2020.
Ticks typically seek shelter under leaf litter during winter, where they can survive for months without feeding. Cold weather slows down their metabolism, making it challenging for them to move even if a potential host comes into contact with them. While temperatures between 0°C to –5°C can be endured for weeks, consistent temperatures below –10°C without protective coverings like leaf litter or snow can lead to mortality.
Research indicates that ticks freeze at temperatures below –15°C, with the rate of temperature drop impacting their ability to adapt. Despite extreme cold temperatures in the past, Nova Scotia’s tick population has shown resilience, suggesting that this year’s tick season is not expected to differ significantly from previous years.
Experts emphasize that ticks are adept at coping with cold temperatures, with slow temperature changes allowing for better adaptation. While sudden temperature shifts can pose challenges for ticks, they generally fare well in cold conditions. Overall, the robust tick population in Nova Scotia is likely to persist, maintaining a consistent presence in the region.